Abstract
Objective: The epidemiology of circulatory shock after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is unknown. We sought to determine its incidence, risk factors, and effect on case-fatality.
Design: Retrospective multi-center cohort study.
Setting: 83 ICUs in the United States from 2003-2008.
Patients: Subjects with ICH >17 years of age admitted to an ICU. Shock was defined as sustained systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg for ≥1 hour despite vasopressors.
Interventions: None.
Measurements and results: A total of 4,192 ICH patients. Median age was 67 yrs (IQR 54-77), 2221 (53%) were male, and 3030 (75%) were white. Median APACHE-II score was 15 (interquartile-range [IQR] 11-21) and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) was 11 (IQR 6-14). Incidence of shock after ICH was 5% (212/4192). Case-fatality was 72% among shock vs. 30% without shock (p<0.0001). In multi-variable analysis the following were associated with increased case-fatality: age (OR 1.01, 95%CI:1.01-1.02), DNR status (OR 1.8, 95%CI:1.3-2.6), GCS<8 (OR 11.4, 95%CI:8.4-15.4), GCS 8-12 (OR 2.1, 95%CI:1.5-2.9), mechanical ventilation (OR 2.0, 95%CI:1.6-2.5), organ dysfunction (OR 1.7, 95%CI:1.4-2.0), spontaneous hypothermia (OR 7.3, 95%CI:2.8-19.3), APACHE ≥15 (OR 2.9, 95%CI:2.2-3.7), and shock (OR 1.9, 95%CI:1.2-3.0). EVD placement was associated with survival (OR 0.8, 95%CI:0.6-0.9).
Conclusion: Circulatory shock after ICH is rare and associated with increased case-fatality.
Incidence of circulatory shock after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage and impact on case-fatality: a multi-center cohort study
